Movie Analysis: The Twilight Essay

Outline I.Introduction A.Thesis Statement The movie Twilight Eclipse was the third part of the Twilight Saga. This movie was just a romance movie with a twist. The director and producer tried to bring the old and the new together by encompassing what we think we know about vampires and adding a new dimension to it. With the latest cinematography and the new technology they made every scene believable and kept the audience wanting more. It showed us a new vampire and werewolves. II.Body paragraph # 1- Topic Sentence #1 Throughout the movie the audience was kept enthralled by sequence of event and the ever changing relationships between the wolves’, vampires, and Bella. A.Supporting Evidence Each scene in the movie was full of action and suspense like the one with the confrontation between Edward and Jacob. How the director made it point to do a close up on Edward when he confronted Jacob about the kiss. The amount of restraint that showed on his face. B.Explanation For both actors to be convincing regarding their other side and believable about their human side took dedication and the right camera angle to pull it off. C.So What? This was accomplished with perfect shot and the correct angles and lighting.. III.Body paragraph # 2- Topic Sentence #2 Every movie we ever seen with vampire depicted them as heartless with only one goal and that is to feed. Yet this movie showed us a total different aspect. Was it believable or not. The directors point of view was evident in every shot. A.Supporting Evidence The scene with Bella (Kristen Stewart) and Rosalie (Nikki Reed) on the balcony and Rosalie tells Bella she is making a wrong choice. In this scene we are able to see the director giving vampires a new look. He is giving them feelings something we have not seen in other movies. B.Explanation The scene takes place on the balcony of Edwards home and the lighting is soft and there is very little sound other than the words that are being spoken. We can read the pain in Rosalie eyes as she speaks but what she has missed by being a vampire and how Bella is just giving this up as if it is nothing. C.So What? It is ironic if you think about the other movies we have seen and we look at this one because the Cullen is like no other Vampires we have ever heard of. All the discussion between them make us feel their pain the regret that they have but it also shows the love they have for each other and how protective they are for there family. IV.Body paragraph # 3- Topic Sentence #3 As the story progress we were able to see the direction in which the director wanted us to go. Even though this was a love story it showed the innovation of the writers and director. Each scene had the exact demographic of the time period in which it was encompassing. Whether we were in the present or the past the scene was believable. A.Supporting Evidence When they went to the past and Rosalie was telling how she became a vampire you could almost smell the air just from the scene that unfolded. You could smell the liquor on her fiancà © breath you could feel the excitement come off the men around her and you could taste the fear she felt. B.Explanation As her fiancà © grabbed her and breathe on her and spoke unspeakable words the terror was coming off the screen. But even more than that the music and the lighting gave away the fear she was experiencing. C.So What? V.Body paragraph #4- Topic Sentence #4 A.The actors in this movie were not well known prior to the Twilight Saga however now they will be known as stars. This movie has elevated there status in the movie industry. Jacob (Taylor Lautner) has become a star player in the movie industry due to this movie. B.Explanation He later starred in Abduction. C.So What? VI.Conclusion As the movie came to a conclusion we all had a new respect for Vampires and Werewolves. The old look was of a blood thirsty individual that would not stop for nothing. The werewolves also was portrayed in earlier movies as unable to stop once they turned yet in this movie they feel, they love and they are a unit that have progressed into a family. This was the beginning of woman power. This time gave woman the power to know that they did not have to rely on a man to survive. Yes it nice to have one by your side but it is better to achieve on your own. Those men who felt threaten by the women should have felt strength by it because with a strong woman beside them they could accomplish so much more. References Bhabha, Homi, 1995, The Location of Culture’ New York: Routledge. Print Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books Head, Dominic, ‘Cambridge Studies in African and Carribean Literature-Nadine Gordimer’ Cabbridge: Cambridge University Press.1994.Print Smith, Rowland, 1990,Critical Essays on Nadine Gordimer Boston: G. K. Hall& Co.Print Walker, A., (1973). In Love & Trouble: Stories of Black Women. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 81-87.

What is organizational behavior

Study of the impact Individuals, groups, and structure has on behavior within an organization. This Is studied by managers to improve an organizations work environment to find methods to increase the bottom line. Basically it is a study of the way people act within an organization when exposed to different elements such as leadership styles, behaviors of others, and Incentives. 2. Moscow theory hierarchy of needs? Physiological- Basic needs or body needs; food, water, shelter, sex, and other.Safety = security and protection. Social = Affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Esteem = Internal factors such as self- respect, autonomy and achievement. Self-actualization = Drive to be all we can be. As each need Is satisfied the next becomes dominant 3. What Is the four functions of Management? Planning, Organizing, Leading, and controlling are the four functions of management. Planning is defining goals and the overall strategy to achieve those goals with a developed and int egrated plan to achieve the goals.Organizing is the designing of an organizations structure including task and who will accomplish the task. Leading Is managements ways of motivating Its employees and directing their activities selecting means of communications and resolving conflicts. Chapter 1 1 . Management= one who achieves goals through others vs. Leader = of motivating Its employees and directing their activities selecting means of communications and resolving conflicts. 2.What Is Stress = A dynamic condition in which and Individual is confronted with an opportunity a demand or a resource related to what the Individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important Chapter 2 Sexual Harassment = Unwanted sexual advances Ability = An Individual's ability to perform the various task In a Job Chapter 3 1 . Job Involvement= Really care about what the work they do vs. Job satisfaction= One who holds positive feelings about there Job. Low negative f eelings 2.Cognitive dissident = Car story – I don't like us cars, change mind when given late model ford. 3. Impact of Job satisfaction- Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect 4. Personality- Sum of total ways an Individual reacts or Interacts with others Class Notes Chapter 4 1 . Emotion- Short lived, Specific event, Facial expression, action in nature 2. Moods – Longer, Caused general, No distinct expression, Cognitive 3. Positively offset – Normal situation the average person is in a positive mood. . Illusory correlation- People associate two event to their mood has no correlations 5.Emotional Dissonance – Show one emotion and feel the other. Hiding Chapter 5 1 . Briggs = Personality assessment- Extrovert Vs. Introvert, Sensing Vs. Intuitive, Thinking Vs. Feeling, Judging vs. Perceiving 2. Proactive personality = Identify opportunity, show Initiative, take action, preserver to the end 3. Values perceptions -?Process by which Individuals organize and Interpret t heir sensory Impression In order to give meaning to their environment. Chapter 6 FIFO Halo effect= One opinion shows whole character. General impression with a single characteristic. . Contrast effect= evaluations of a person's character that is affected by comparisons with others people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics 4. Self-fulfilling prophecy'= person inaccurately perceives a second person and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception 5. Stereotyping preconceived notions= 6. Rational decision making= a decision making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome. Chapter 7 1 .Motivation – accounts for intensity, direction, persistence 2. Theory X -assumes employees don't like Job 3. Theory Y – assumes employees like work 4. Goal Setting theory – If the employees are involved, Goals are achievable and production is up 5. Management by objectives – Tangible verifiable, and measurable 6. Self Chapter 8 1 . Job design- The way the elements in a Job are organized 2. Job Enrichment- expands the Job so the employee controls the planning, execution and evaluation 3. Job Rotation- Moving around Cross-train 4. Employee Involvement- more involved, more productive employees 5.Participative management- Joint decision making Vs. Representative participation – workers are represented in a small group (Union). Chapter 9 1 . Formal Group- Organized, Such as work group 2. Informal Group – No Formally structured nor organized 3. ESSAY – Five-stage Model Forming- Beginning of group Storming- Accept existence of group but are working out the kinks Morning-setting standards Performing- Work get done Adjourning- Job completed 4. Role- What is expected by an organization 5. Role Perception – What you think your role is 6. Norms – Standards so you know when people are outs ide the norm set by leaders 7.Deviant workplace Behavior- behavior that violates organizational norms. 8. ESSAY – Group vs. Individual Strengths of group decision is from many, Increase diversity, more knowledge. Individual – Expeditious, single point of success 9. Social Loafing- Expend less effort when working in a group-causing cacaos Chapter 10 1 . Work group – Primarily to share information 2. Work Team – Set Goal Accomplishment work on a project to get something done 3. Teams – Problem solving – Particular problem, Self-managed worked team work as lead- Cross-functional team-to use different team sets. Virtual – distance 4. Willing to adjust .Team Efficacy – Team believes they can accomplish goals Chapter 1 1 1 . What is communications? Transferring and understanding of meaning. 2. Formal and Informal Channels of communication 3. Formal- Professional 4. Informal- Socializing 5. Downward Communication – Explaining t o Subordinate 6. Upward – Up the Chain of command 7. Lateral Communication – Peer to Peer – Team to Team 8. Essay -Discuss the difference between interpersonal communication and organizational communication. Oral written nonverbal / Organizational conduct business one to many documented email. Blobs. 9. Oral, Written and Non-verbal.Identify the pros and cons of interpersonal communication. 10. Information overload – Communication overload. 11 . Channel Richness – The amount of information that can be communicated to a certain number of people at one episode 12. Filtering -a senders manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorable by receiver 13. Cultural Context- High and Low for global organizations you need to know the difference between High and Low. Chapter 12 1 . Leadership- Ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals 2. Employee oriented leader- 3. Production oriented leader- 4.Situational Leadership theory – Theory that focuses on followers readiness 5. Path Goal Theory- A theory that states that it is the leader's Job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the guidance to their goals. 6. Charismatic Leader a leader that has visions and risk-taker 7. Transactional Leaders- Guide followers to established goals clarifying goals and tasks 8. Transformational leader- spire followers transcend their own self-interest and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary Chapter 13 1 . Power is a capacity to influence the behavior of other 2. Power = Requires follower dependency .

Boeing Commercial Airplanes Essay Sample

I. Introduction Boeing Commercial Airplanes’ launched the 787 Dreamliner. a super-efficient aeroplane in order to run into the turning demands and penchants of an international audience across the Earth. An international squad of top aerospace companies is constructing the aeroplane. led by Boeing at its Everett. Washington installation near Seattle. ( Boeing. com ) Harmonizing to Boeing’s statement. the 787-8 Dreamliner will transport 210 – 250 riders on paths of 7. 650 to 8. 200 maritime stat mis ( 14. 200 to 15. 200 kilometres ) . while the 787-9 Dreamliner will transport 250 – 290 riders on paths of 8. 000 to 8. 500 maritime stat mis ( 14. 800 to 15. 750 kilometres ) . Additionally. the 787 jets provide air hoses with odd fuel efficiency. which overall is good to the planetary environment. The aircraft utilizes 20 per centum less fuel than likewise sized aeroplanes. The ends for betterments in fuel efficiency do non impede the aircrafts speed public presentation. The 787 will besides go at a similar velocity as today’s fastest broad organic structures. Mach 0. 85. Overall. the air hoses will that use the 787 Dreamliner will bask more cargo gross capacity. better interior environment. increased comfort. and more efficient public presentation. The background on the 787 plan shows the aircraft was launched in April 2004 with a record order from All-Nippon Airways. Numerous clients from across the universe have placed orders for 870 aeroplanes valued over $ 178 billion. doing it the most successful twin launch of a new commercial aeroplane in Boeing’s history. First flight of the 787 Dreamliner occurred on December 15. 2009. First bringing of the 787 to ANA took topographic point on Sept. 25. 2011. II. Beginnings of Construction Project Risk Uncertainty in building undertakings including that of building the Boeing 787 Dreamliner may originate from many beginnings and frequently involves many participants in the undertaking. Therefore. it is necessary for each participant to seek to minimise their ain hazard. This may make a clang between the assorted participants and as a consequence may be damaging to the undertaking. In order to extenuate these hazards. the construct of â€Å"risk sharing/risk assignment† contracts has gained credence by the federal authorities. This type of contract acknowledges the duties of the proprietors. the contract monetary values are expected to be lower than those in which all hazards are assigned to contractors. Beginnings of hazards in building undertakings may be classified as follows ( PM Book. 2012 ) : 1. Socioeconomic factors a. Environmental protection B. Public safety ordinance c. Economic instability d. Exchange rate fluctuation 2. Organizational relationships a. Contractual dealingss b. Attitudes of participants c. Communication 3. Technological jobs a. Design premises B. Site conditions c. Construction processs d. Construction occupational safety The environmental protection motion has contributed to the uncertainness for building because of alterations in the demands and the length of clip required for blessing taking into history clip for re-evaluations and added costs. A similar standard applies for Public safety ordinances. This will act upon the timeline and the budgets allocated for the undertaking itself. Economic conditions which have been fluctuating enormously in recent old ages besides contribute to project uncertainness. Changes in involvement rates and rates of rising prices will act upon the ability to finance a building undertaking. However. the uncertainness stemming from these fiscal facets of building should be at least mitigated or ideally eliminated with proper calculating techniques. During periods of economic enlargement. major capital outgos will raise the costs of building. and during periods of economic downswing these same costs may worsen. In order to command costs. some proprietors attempt to utilize fixed monetary value contracts so that the hazards of unanticipated eventualities related to an overheated economic system are passed on to contractors ( PM. 2012 ) . Businesss must factor in that contractors will raise their monetary values to counterbalance for the extra hazards. Technological alterations besides lead to a beginning of hazard among building undertakings. Promotions in new engineerings may show jobs to interior decorators and builders. hence increasing the hazards. New installations or engineerings may render the former obsolete and therefore impact the nature of the building. III. Systems to Address Construction Project Risk a. People- Make your squad accountable Each squad lead should be responsible for their squad. and each squad should be held accountable for the hazards involved in their section. They should be cognizant of the elements of the undertaking they are responsible for presenting and do them accountable by keeping review meetings each hebdomad to mensurate advancement. b. Technology-Forecast the hazards upfront Using the appropriate informations and engineering. it is of import to place the hazards of a undertaking up front. A hazard is an unanticipated event that mightnegatively impact on the undertaking in the hereafter ( Young. 20120 ) . Each hazard must be documented to analyse and find its likeliness and impact on the undertaking. c. Planning-Plan hazards sagely Proper planning will let building undertaking hazards to be known upfront. Therefore. a hazard program can be developed. The hazard program will enable the squad to place actions that can be taken to cut down the likeliness of the hazard happening. It will let for alternate scenarios or backups to be available. IV. Catastrophic Failure Fault Tree Discussion of Fault Tree A possible ruinous failure in building undertakings can happen from alterations in the economic conditions. Due to the recent province of the economic system. there have been legion alterations to the loaning market. These alterations may turn out ruinous to Boeing and its building of the 787 Dreamliner aircrafts. For illustration. in the scenario listed above. alterations in the ability to finance the undertaking may either render in unaffordable or may detain the expected timeline of completion. In the instance that Boeing is unable to afford the undertaking. it would hold to abandon the building of the aircrafts ; therefore it would be unable to present the aircrafts to the assorted air hoses which have ordered them. Therefore. it is of import for the company to maintain these factors in head when developing the undertaking hazards. For illustration. if the involvement rates were to lift. Boeing would be held accountable to pay higher costs to develop the aircrafts. Furthermore. if the Bankss were stricter in their loaning policies a higher down payment may be required. In both instances. if the company is unable to afford the higher involvement payments or the higher down payment. they would hold small room for dialogue and may hold to abandon the undertaking. However. if they are able to cover with these factors. which they should give. they must make a quantitative hazard analysis prior to the executing of the Dreamliner undertaking in order to guarantee the company’s ability to go on with the aircraft development in the instance of alterations in economic conditions. V. Course Project Part 1 The development of this state-of-the-art aeroplane will include an international squad of aerospace companies led by Boeing. The progresss in this aeroplane will cut down the usage of fuel by 20 % . addition lading capacity. increase maritime stat mis in a mid-range aeroplane. and better rider comfort. Boeing expects gross revenues of 3. 500 units over the following 20 old ages. ( Norris A ; Wagner. 2009 ) To truly understand the impact of multiple suppliers. along with the logistics to organize assembly. I will exemplify. discuss. and supply a decision utilizing two determination tree analyses. The first mistake tree will detail the bringing system and place the failure that could ensue in bringing failure. The 2nd mistake tree inside informations the deficiency of labour to piece the aeroplane. Both pose consequences that have the possible to financially impact the undertaking. The mistake tree diagram will supply a ocular representation of the hazard and assist analyse the cause by looking backwards to place the root cause. VI. Fault Tree One Discussion of Fault Tree One There are over 40 Companies/Business Units lending to the success of developing the 787 Dreamliner. Nine of the Companies/Business Unit of measurements are located outside of the United States. Given these two elements entirely there are a figure of mistakes that could do the concluding assembly and completion day of the month to be impacted. The first likely cause for losing the completion day of the month is the supply concatenation. The supply concatenation flow ensures the stuff is available harmonizing to the stock list degrees to go on edifice. Supply concatenation push systems help maintain stock list degrees set harmonizing to contractual understandings. When the quality throughput of the constituent is less than 95 % . the demand is increased. Quality steps are in topographic point to alarm the provider when the throughput is less than 95 % as desired but extra demands with decreased quality demands maintain the provider from presenting. Original programs called for particul ar manufactured points for each constituent yet the provider elected to utilize a less expensive option which isn’t meeting quality demands. To assist extenuate the provider hazards. find the supplier’s attitude to safety. quality. and environmental facets to presenting constituents. Another intervention would be to name an onsite provider affair director responsible for subscribing off on any provider and/or design alterations. It would besides be helpful to hold back to endorse contracts with sub-contractors. VII. Fault Tree Two Discussion of Fault Tree Two In the 2nd mistake tree I illustrated the impact of labour on the bringing of the 787 Dreamliner. The labour to piece the aeroplane constituents at the Boeing installation in Everett is critical to guarantee the on-time bringing of the aeroplane. The brotherhood labour to piece the Dreamliner is under contract reappraisal. the contract will run out two months prior to the first assembly. The termination of the mechanic contract and failure to get at a new reciprocally acceptable contract would take to a possible work stoppage. Discussion between the labour brotherhood and the company would be required to intercede the difference. The deficiency of a via media would do a important impact on the scheduled completion day of the month. However. dialogues to decide this difference are required to guarantee employees experience reasonably compensated and do non walk out during assembly. The usage of hazard intervention should supply a lower limit of efficient operation of the organisation. internal controls. and conformity with the Torahs and ordinances. To help with labour intervention hazard. re-allocate internal staff and cross train non-union members to finish the assembly of the aeroplane. Assess the proficient accomplishments required. develop a accomplishment demand profile for assembly. and place other critical accomplishments required for replacing. Treatment could besides include the constitution and care of an internal/external accomplishment profile of current. old. and possible employees to help should a labour work stoppage occur. VIII. Undertaking Risk Summary Financing of Dreamliner 787 Aircraft Time period: 5 old ages Submission Date: February 17. 2013 Commentary on Extreme or High hazards to the undertaking and their direction: High hazards of losing ability to build the coveted figure of 10 aircrafts per month based on alterations in the cost construction. Inability to present these concluding merchandises would go against footings and understandings with assorted air hose companies across the Earth and would be damaging Boeing’s being and unity. Drumhead hazard profile: High Hazard †¢ Interest Rate Changes †¢ Changes in loaning market Hazard description †¢ Higher involvement rates would increase costs of funding †¢ Difficult to obtain funding Hazard intervention and control sum-up †¢ Lock in the involvement rate at a fixed rate instead than go forth room for variableness †¢ Negotiate prior to the start of the undertaking and lock the understanding Duty †¢ Project Manager. finance squad. and accounting squads †¢ Project Manager. finance squad. and accounting squads Commentary on important alterations during the last period: Reviewed loaning standards and utilizing economic prediction informations determined the hazards involved. Besides. signed and locked all fiscal rates of involvement and loaning to guarantee their long term stableness. Commentary on the position of the hazard direction system in the undertaking: The undertaking has high hazards associated with funding. but proper analysis of economic hazard factors and executing of the hazard interventions give it a high potency for success. Although it is a drawn-out undertaking. it may necessitate extensions in the timeline allotted but should non hold any demand to abandon the full undertaking itself. IX. Decisions Overall. the completion of the Dreamliner 787 aircraft by Boeing seems to be come oning although it has encountered certain holds. The Boeing squad must see the hazard factors that are lending to these hazards and go on to explicate mechanisms to cut down this hazard. Based on the hazard appraisals conducted in this undertaking. at that place do non look to be any possible menaces of complete undertaking forsaking. By looking at the ruinous hazard tree. if the undertaking directors plan consequently the lone jobs that should originate from alterations in economic conditions would be holds in the timing of aircraft bringing. Proper prediction and hazard appraisal would render the chance of undertaking failure to be minimum since the company would do it a point to avoid the possible hazards. Above I merely identified one hazard analysis technique nevertheless there are many others available. Many are qualitative and don’t show the dependences between events. The tree technique I used above takes into consideration the logical combination of causes that contribute to the identified failed event. The mistake tree technique brings sufficient understanding to the nature of the failure and how to pull off the failed event ( s ) . Fault tree one helped me place that an onsite provider affair director would hold eliminated the failure along with standard work. signifiers and signatures to authorise such alterations to the measure of stuff for the constituent. Similarly. mistake tree two identified equal compensation as the root cause of the delivery/labor failure. Treatment of the hazard could hold included pull offing the hazard earlier in the contract and/or set uping a contract span or extension to avoid a work stoppage. Furthermore. an analysis of the mistake trees would let any possible menaces to the completion of the undertaking to be minimum of they are addressed rapidly and expeditiously. Boeing has undertaken a immense undertaking in the design and development of a new aircraft to function the demands of assorted air hoses across the Earth. Once the undertaking overcomes the minor obstructions it has presently faced. it will turn out to be rather successful. Undertaking directors must go on with regul ar hazard appraisals throughout the continuance of the aircraft development in order to guarantee that all the undertaking ends are met. and all the clients are satisfied. Ten. Works cited Cortez. A. ( 2010 ) . The complete idiot’s usher to put on the line direction. New York. New york: Penguin Group. Fraser. J. . A ; Simkins. B. ( 2010 ) . Enterprise hazard direction. Hoboken. New jersey: John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. Kerzer. H. ( 2011 ) . Project direction prosodies. kpis. and splashboards. Hoboken. New jersey: John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. Norris. G. . A ; Wagner. M. ( 2009 ) . Boeing 787 dreamliner. Minneapolis. Manganese: Zenith Press. Schuyler. J. ( 2010 ) . Hazard and determination analysis in undertakings. ( 2 ed. ) . Newtown Square. PA: Undertaking Management Institute. Inc. Boeing Websitehttp: //www. reuters. com/article/2011/11/08/uk-boeing-dreamliner-glitch-idUSLNE7A603L20111108. Kelly. Tom and Peterson. Kyle. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. smartplanet. com/blog/thinking-tech/belly-landing-what-causes-landing-gear-to-fail-video/9127. Peterson. Kyle. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. reuters. com/article/2012/02/06/us-boeing-idUSTRE81512U20120206. PM Book. hypertext transfer protocol: //pmbook. Ce. cmu. edu/02_Organizing_for_Project_Management. hypertext markup language. Young. Raven hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ravensbrain. com/2010/05/tips-for-reducing-project-risk. hypertext markup language. Turner. A. ( 2011 ) . The birth of the 787 Dreamliner. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing.

Business report of Barclays in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business report of Barclays in India - Essay Example Barclays Bank became a major player in the retail banking industry in India shortly before the economic crisis wherein credit policy was loose and tempting for consumers. This study details the strategies used by Barclays Bank with the purpose of investigating whether these strategies are sustainable or whether they need further enhancement or policy decisions for improvement. Methods used for analysis are evaluation of environmental analysis of factors affecting Barclays’ operation in India. Using the PEST and Porters 5 forces of competitive analysis, study is able to view external factors that act as barriers for the operation of the bank. Likewise, the study looked at the sustainability factors that are internal to the operations of the bank and is able to infer the strengths and weakness in its operations. Result of analysis could be used as benchmark information for future plans of the bank. Introduction Barclays bank targeted the under-served population of India in its e ntry to the retail banking system of the country. Barclays believe that the â€Å"unbanked† sector is a great potential for marketing its innovative banking products. Since this is a great challenge for Barclays Bank, it is worth investigating if this strategy has been sustainable. In this report, the strategic approaches taken by Barclays Bank to enter the retail banking system of India will be analyzed and criticized. The industry life cycle and the theory of Porters five forces will be used to better understand the industry context in which the bank operates. The value chain and the competitive position of the bank will also be examined in order to arrive at a decision on whether to carry on with the operations or what needs to be developed some more. 1. Analysis of the environment 1.1. Life cycle of the banking industry in India An industry life cycle has been defined as a period of time from the introduction of an industry to its decline and stagnation. Typically, an ind ustry life cycle is described in the illustration below: The industry life cycle is depicted as a period where the industry has a beginning, followed by the growth, maturity and final phase of decline. (Financial Dictionary) Relating this to the industry life cycle of the Indian banking industry, records show that the banking industry in India is already in existence for about 200 years, but it has been subjected to various reforms. Before the nationalization of its banks took place in July 1955, banks in India were held by the private sector that was characterized by weaknesses, lack of capitalization and systemic deficiencies. Banking system at that time ignored the credit requirements of the agricultural and other needy sectors. Growth in the Indian banking system started when the government nationalized the State Bank of India, followed by nationalization of SBI subsidiaries in 1955, 14 major banks in 1969 and nationalization of 7 other banks with deposits over 500 crores in 198 0 (India, Finance & Investment Guide). The third wave of changes in India occurred in 1991 when the government allowed entry of new foreign entities to join the banking industry. 1.2 PEST Analysis Political. The bank sector of India is governed by the Reserve Bank of India. It is the sole agency that issues banking licenses, devising guidelines and regulations, specifies lending rates, reserve and liquidity ratios to commercial banks (Banks in India) The

Organizational Culture and Change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Culture and Change - Coursework Example culture also refers to "a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration† (Schein, 1992, p. 12). Because organizational culture is described by Schein (1992) to be a pattern, any significant change within the organization distorts the pattern. In the given organization, the kind of change that took place was a recruitment and placement change, which was necessitated by the fact that there had been an internal promotional process within the organization. In the given instance, it was clearly witnessed that the organizational change had a great influence on the organizational culture and the entire organizational climate. This is because the new employees who were introduced needed some time to fit into the culture that they came to meet. Some way and some how, they were also trying to influence the existing culture with their own versions of organizational processes from the places they worked before. This brought about a distorted organizational culture for a while. In such a situation, it is important that an orientation program that seeks to equip the new comers with the existing culture is relevant (Al-Ghorfa, 2009). This is because an absence of such culture could lead to a situation whereby an entirely new culture wo uld have to be created and this could be devastating for customers especially as the existing customers may not easily get adapted to

Executive Summary of Cyber Crime Task Force Plan Research Paper

Executive Summary of Cyber Crime Task Force Plan - Research Paper Example St. Luis just like any other organization has in the last decade faced huge challenges that relate to its online data. The changing trends incorporate defenses which counter several web crimes. These also include various changes in the development of high level software interfaces that are capable of defining notable developments in commercial web servers. Cyber security is a process that is carried out to protect computer systems from attacks, including protecting data from unauthorized access, use, transfer, disclosure or modification and this could either be intentional or accidental. Cyber attack takes several forms, notably from an internal network, public systems but the research done by Rogers, (2001) indicate that major cybercrimes are related to the use of internet. The scope of cyber crime is wide and businesses are repeatedly faced by attacks, making them victims of various kinds of security threats. In many countries, cyber crime has been criminalized and though computers are widely used to commit cyber crimes, governments have a responsibility to protect individuals and property against cyber threats, Gordon et al, (2006). According to Babu et al, (2004) unauthorized access to authenticated information has more than doubled in the last decade, estimates stating that from 2004 to 2011, break-ins have risen by over 150%. The greatest cyber crime threats that St. Louis County is currently facing Various research statistics indicate that St. Louis County reported huge capital losses which are attributed to attack on its major databases and subsequently leading to mass loss of data. Ideally, the changing provisions which are significantly based on application of IT platforms also explain that structural formation hugely contributes to cybercrimes. Ideally, IT platform also extinguishes transactions and processes that are adequately managed through a set of interfaces which are based on aided technologies that theoretically exhibit changing trends within the societal perspectives. The application of cyber crime prevention framework according to Rapaille (2007 is indicatively based on set of cultured codes that broadly classify the operational characteristics of the technological inference associated with web crime technologies. The analytical application is measured using a series of forecasts and merged technologies (Weil, 2008) which are based on diverse business values. The external factors through which cyber crime functionalities are measured explain three consequential architectural frameworks of the web crime technology. Derivatives of distributive building blocks/models that exhibit low level deployment perspectives User projections and implementation forecasts as a system model establishment base. (O’Reilly, 2005) Web redesign aspirations with sustainable business model establishments. The user profiles and software management developments that are based on elastic business models create the terminological relevance of the technology Which three types of cyber crime will be the top priorities for the task f The technological implementation of cyber crime control technology and its mainstream global relevance has been managed by changing trends within the competitive global markets (David, 2008). This is illustrated by the operational compatibility of its systemic units with enhanced technological preference among its

Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering - Research Paper Example It is essential that appliances which were introduced earlier (with usage of old technologies), prevail in energy consumption distribution; see Table above. For instance, energy consumption of the light bulbs, the kettle, and the electric oven takes over than 50% of total energy consumption. Simultaneously, usage of notebook, TV, and CD/DVD player takes less than 10% of total energy consumption in the household. Then, introducing of numerous appliances with high power inputs reflects in ecology due to necessity to make more electric power stations. It is essential that energy consumption can be reduced significantly without compromising human needs. There are several means to reduce adverse effects of usage of appliances with high energy consumption. First step is in limited usage of such appliances, e.g. switching-off non used light bulbs, unplugging seldom-used appliances and chargers for cell phone and other personal gadgets, setting computer to "sleep mode" or "hibernate mode", etc. Next step is more radical. This is replacement of appliances with high power inputs by equivalent appliances with less power inputs. For instance, replacement of old CRT monitor or TV by new TFT monitor or TV panel can significantly reduce energy consumption because these appliances are often used. ... However, these appliances need for enormous power supply and engineering support of appropriate infrastructure. It is essential that appliances which were introduced earlier (with usage of old technologies), prevail in energy consumption distribution; see Table above. For instance, energy consumption of the light bulbs, the kettle, and the electric oven takes over than 50% of total energy consumption. Simultaneously, usage of notebook, TV, and CD/DVD player takes less than 10% of total energy consumption in the household. Then, introducing of numerous appliances with high power inputs reflects in ecology due to necessity to make more electric power stations. 3. How to save energy in the household It is essential that energy consumption can be reduced significantly without compromising human needs. There are several means to reduce adverse effects of usage of appliances with high energy consumption. First step is in limited usage of such appliances, e.g. switching-off non used light bulbs, unplugging seldom-used appliances and chargers for cell phone and other personal gadgets, setting computer to "sleep mode" or "hibernate mode", etc. Next step is more radical. This is replacement of appliances with high power inputs by equivalent appliances with less power inputs. For instance, replacement of old CRT monitor or TV by new TFT monitor or TV panel can significantly reduce energy consumption because these appliances are often used. Replacement of standard light bulbs (100W) by low-energy fluorescent bulbs (less than 20W) is another example of such strategy. Many of new appliances use half the energy of those from decade ago. It is necessary to note that usually new appliances ar e more ergonomic and safe. Finally, there are

Strategic Crisis Management in Enhancing Business Continuity and Research Paper

Strategic Crisis Management in Enhancing Business Continuity and Stability - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that organizations in different sectors encounter the risk of disruptive events. The effects vary from simple or minor inconvenience that briefly disrupts the usual activities to the closure of the business. This problem necessitates crisis management. Crisis management is an enterprise’s pre-established strategies and activities that are intended for planning, responding as well as rectifying significant disastrous incidents or events An organization’s success is greatly associated with its formulation of crisis management programs which incorporate risk management, disaster recovery, communication and emergency response programs. The organization should develop the competence to respond flexibly and promptly as soon as crisis occurs. Crisis management may include rehearsal and teamwork in the attempt to establish the most appropriate response to unforeseen, detrimental occurrences. If an enterprise is adequately equipped for the most detrimental circumstances, then it is capable of handling other scenarios as well. Businesses can be better equipped to solve sudden events that may possibly result in stern or severe damage, jeopardizing their stability as well as continuity. In respect to business continuity, crisis management will facilitate recognition of potential issues which threaten an enterprise, and provide strategy for establishing resilience as well as the capacity for an efficient reaction. Crisis management facilitates business stability by eliminating or reducing losses associated with unforeseen, negative incidents. Managers encompass a strategic duty and a role to ensure their businesses or organizations are conscious of all aspects of business crises as well as planning in advance so as to minimize their effects. Thesis Statement In respect to business stability, several aspects that are likely to weaken the operations of an organization are emphasized. The essential and fundamental strat egy that various businesses implement to respond to business crisis in an attempt to enhance their stability will be considered. Contributions of crisis management in ensuring continued existence of businesses will also be studied. Speight defined business continuity as the procedure that indicates potential factors that intimidate an enterprise and offers a stratagem for creating flexibility as well as the aptitude for responding to business-related risks effectively. During a business crisis, a response should essentially safeguard stakeholders’ interests, and organization’s brand, reputation, long-term survival as well as value-creating actions. In the article, Speight provided a detailed perspective of crises, emergencies as well as disaster mitigation in an enterprise. The chief business disaster is considered to be an incident that extremely affects business operations with the highest chance of terminating its entire activities. An organization should formulate and adopt several procedures or strategies that it may be used to respond to disasters. Modern techniques used in business continuity management, include business continuity and risk assessment plan which ensures that businesses are resilient as well as prepared to offset risks. These techniques are significant in crisis management since they not only facilitate the assessment of risks but also assist in formulation of risk management plans. The issue of business continuity is identified to be of critical concern which has continuously being researched and enhanced over time. Business continuity aspects are upheld by safety standards or legislation.

Why Steve Jobs was not a leader Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why Steve Jobs was not a leader - Article Example In this case, Jobs did not want to take the personal risk of trusting his staff, and he monitored their every move in the workplace in order to ensure that there were no chances of failure. For Steve Jobs, personal achievements governed the leadership approach that he used. Unlike billionaires like Bill Gates who contribute to numerous charities, Jobs did not have a history of contributing to any charity. In effect, this implies that Jobs looked down on his followers. In addition, Jobs is described as a man who would take credit of other people’s ideas, obsessively controlling, and a tyrant (Williams). This description does not fit a leader who is sensitive to his followers. Finally, Steve Jobs extolled some other behavior that does not qualify him to be an outstanding leader. In this regard, Williams noted that Jobs denied his first daughter paternity in order for his daughter to live on welfare, which is despite his billionaire status. In effect, this indicates that Steve Jobs did not value people more than he valued his money. Simply put, Jobs did not value any other thing in life, but the drive to see his profits and company’s portfolio grow guided his operations, which are not characteristics of an exemplary

The Great Divide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Great Divide - Essay Example The American population consists of citizens who follow a plethora of religions and sub-faiths and the Constitution only ascertains the fact that none can be supported or discriminated against. This is precisely the reason why the constitution has laid down the law that neither the Government nor the State "can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. No tax, in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion." This essay is an attempt to adopt a supportive stance towards this statement made by the American Federal Court. The essay argues that the State, in a pluralist society must adopt a secular stance and must certainly take care to omit the passing of any such laws or practices that would create a divide within the society, in perception and in the unity that is often the strength of the pluralist society. The key point in this informative essay stems from the fact that the school prayer was a religious motivation, that violated the provisions of the American Constitution.  It is due  to this,   that  the author finds  it his right  to perhaps,   protest  against the new  system introduced,  in his  own way.   He feels the need  to stand up against  the practice,   as  he has his  own reasons,  which are the concerns of  lawmakers as well.   The second article from â€Å"My   60-second   protest  from the Hallway†Ã‚  is a great example  of how a   minute’s prayer  before starting the  day in a school in  Virginia can raise  numerous questions in  the minds of students.

Juvenil Crimes Essay Example for Free

Juvenil Crimes Essay They look at Juveniles on how unreliable and inconsistent they are on making bad decisions. But often minors bring unparticular brutally attracting impulsive claims on their behalfs on their crimes. Though the mind of a teenagers brain is pretty much dazed out, meaning how would you think they could handle prison. Well people say if they can handle committing crimes they should put up with what should be disserved. This brought a concern to society should Juveniles be charge as adults? In the article assertions from Liptak, Lundstrom, Krikorian, and Thompson, bring us vidence of how Juveniles are being tried as adults. These Journalists bring concerning information on how teens react to hatred crimes that they commit. Liptak and Lundstrom consideration against ones opinion on how Juveniles crimes should be thought are at most similar to one anothers thoughts. Liptak thinks that Juveniles should be brought to thought, that they commit crimes to diminish their responsibilities to some of what of danger to themselves and others. Lundstrom says that theyre only kids until they mess up and commit crimes, then were more eager to all them adults. Krikorian believes that teens are seriously impaired, are less likely to recognizes the risks and dont really think about the consequences. Thompson finds that mathematical the brain system grows little until puberty corresponding with abstract concepts before then. Krikorian and Thompson have the agreement that teens are at a stage were they really dont think because they are still kids and that they dont know better. In the article Supreme Court to rule on Executing Young Killers By Adam Liptak, Robert Acuna was convicted of killing two elderly eighbors referring to Execution Style then stealing a car. Mr. Acuna was the latest person to be convicted with a death row sentence before the age of 18. In Kids Are Kids until They Commit Crimes by Marlie Lundstrom writers about a 12 year-old savagely beated a 6 year-old girl to death, Lionel Tate said he was imitating his world wrestler icon. In April. Nathaniel Braizl was charged with first-degree murder at the age of 14, for shooting an English teacher that didnt let him say goodbye to two girls on the last day of school. In Many Kids Called Unfit for Adult trial y Greg Krikorian researched that teens are emotionally or intellectually unable to contribute to their own defense in court. In studies shown thousands of Juveniles went to an adult trail when they shouldnt because of their inability to stand the courts proceeding. In Startling finds on Teenage Brains by Paul Thompson discovers that the patterns of brain growth in children and teenagers. The brain is like a puzzle that grows fast at the point of learning skills. Also, that the massive loss of brain tissue happens in teenage years at risk taking, controlling impulses, and self-control. The Supreme Young Juveniles are incompetent on being well behaved as what Krikorian says Seriously Impaired or is that Just an excuse? But knowing that you took a life is Just unimaginable and horrifying. So if you did the crime now youre going to pay the time. Even though your seriously impaired if you know that then why you take advance of that abuse and commit crimes. If you blame the teens youre basically blaming the parents for unfit parenting their children. They dont teach their kids form right or wrong and dont control their kids. So minors are what so to be unished for what inconsiderable parenting. Many Juveniles are sentenced as adults for the crimes they commit at a young age being irresponsible. Their for theyre the ones who should pay for the price they commit if they went against the law so the law should be put to Justices. Teens are impulsive when it comes to things that are serious at times which they cant really control themselves either. Juveniles commit crimes today like Homicides, Murder, First-degree murder, Second-degree murder, Voluntary manslaughter, and Involuntary manslaughter. People who commit uch horrible crimes should be taken seriously and let it be brought to Justices. It doesnt matter what characteristics makes a person an adult, a Juvenile, or a child if you committed the crime at any age you should be held responsible for what you did so you should be tired no matter what. Juveniles are able to commit crimes but then, so they should be punished the same way as adults. Teens try to be like adult but they do it in an unfair manner to make them seem cool so when they acted like adults why not try them as adults give them what they want.

Effect of a Narcotic Antagonist on an Addict Essay Example for Free

Effect of a Narcotic Antagonist on an Addict Essay Addictive ailments are described by the constant exploit of a drug like cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, and other related drugs (McDowell, 1999).  These ailments frequently caused by the following: the increase of tolerance for such drugs, requiring further increase on amounts to pull off the preferred outcome; material addiction, differentiated by a series of definite indications and physiological signs like, for example, the pulling out or self-denial condition on termination of use of the particular drug; and obsessive drug-pursuit manners, with persistent, habitual, or irregular use, notwithstanding potential impairment not only to self but also to others. Starting in the first years of 1960s, studies and researches have been mounting in the biology of addictive ailments and disorders, and importance has transferred from only psychosomatic, epidemiological, and sociological studies to examinations of the neurobiological, molecular, and metabolic sources of drug-dependence (McDowell, 1999). The four foremost addictive ailments and disorders are alcoholism, cocaine, â€Å"narcotic (or opiate) addiction†, and other nicotine addiction, and stimulant addiction (McDowell, 1999). Drug dependence may also transpire subsequent to constant exploit of other sorts of means like benzodiazepines, marijuana, and barbiturates. In 1973, opiate mediator, which functions to serve as an agent involving the opioid and the physiological reactions, overwhelmingly recognized in mammals which include human beings. From then on, it has been identified that there are no less than three diverse sorts of opioid agents such as the following: delta receptors, kappa receptors, and mu receptors. Opioids consist of materials that are created by the endocrine system such as the endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins, and may be manufactured artificially (Stine Kosten, 1997). Exogenous artificial opioids are employed expansively in the management of pain. Treatment using narcotic antagonist like Naltrexone for opiate dependents is typically carried out in patients who are being treated outside medical asylums though the start of the prescription regularly begins subsequent to therapeutic detoxification in an outpatient cases (OMalley, 1998). Naltrexone has extended side effects. It is an artificial opiate adversary with a small number of side effects that is employed through oral in-takes either every day or every three times in a week for a continuous period of time. Patients who undergo narcotic antagonist treatment must be medically cleansed and free from opiate substances for couple of days before naltrexone can be administered to put off the tendency of opiate asceticism syndrome. When employed this way, all the upshots of self-managed opiates, as well as euphoria, are entirely obstructed. The presumption behind such management is that the frequent and continual deficiency of the preferred opiate outcomes, with the apparent ineffectiveness of taking the opiate, will progressively and eventually bring in infringement on the obsession of opiate dependence. Naltrexone itself does not have personal upshots or probable for exploitation and is not addicting (OMalley, 1998). However, the patient’s cooperation is the foremost requirement such that refusal of such treatment is really a frequent predicament. Thus, a positive treatment result needs that there should also be a constructive medical rapport, valuable psychoanalysis or psychotherapy, and cautious monitoring of prescription observance. Patients soothed on naltrexone can perform jobs, prevent misdeeds and transgressions as well as hostility, and decrease their contact to HIV. Lots of knowledgeable and skilled medical-psychological therapists have acknowledged the effects of naltrexone as the most practical and functional for extremely aggravated, freshly detoxified drug-dependents who wish total withdrawal from drug addiction because of outside factors including damaged experts, probationers, parolees and prisoners who are granted a â€Å"work-release status† (OMalley, 1998). Patients neutralized on naltrexone can act just as how normal people do. They can perform jobs, prevent misdeeds and hostility of the street traditions, and decrease their contact to HIV by discontinuing drug exploitation and â€Å"drug-related high- risk sexual behavior (Stine Kosten, 1997). †

Ethical To Monitor Employees Whilst In Workplace

Ethical To Monitor Employees Whilst In Workplace The development of Information Communication Technology has created new ethical dilemmas due to the out-of-date moral, legal, and social boundaries. These boundaries can be represented by rules and legislation, laws and human nature. The expansion of technology has created a new era of office work. The majority of offices around the world are now filled with newly available technological advances; from personal computers to large network servers. This access to readily available technology has led to a blurring of the boundaries and has created new issues within the workplace. Over the last decade there has been an increase among employers to monitor the actions and performance of their employees. This is due to worries about; quality of work, productivity employee theft or misuse of company property. (Johnson 2008, p.1) One of the main ethical issues of the workplace is employee privacy and surveillance. This essay will address the following ethical topic; is it ethical to monitor employees whilst they are in the workplace? This will be addressed in several different ways to make sure that is analysed and evaluated properly. This essay will be constructed in the following way; firstly the definition of Privacy and surveillance will be cross examined. This is to demonstrate the vast area that this topic covers and to supply background information on the ethical issue of employee privacy and surveillance. This will lead into further background information regarding the aspects of employee monitoring, including; the implications of the topic and the methods employed to monitor employees. Once the background research regarding employee monitoring has been analysed the ethical side of the topic will be assed and documented before being summarised and evaluated in a conclusion. The main focus of this essa y will to create an argument regarding the issues of employ monitoring and to explore if they are ethically correct or ethically wrong. Since this topic is based around privacy in the workplace, privacy is a key term to be explored. This section of the essay will analyse the definitions of the terms and look for trends and connections relating back to the essay question. An individuals privacy theoretically descends from the concern of others who may have information relating to the person or is relevant to the person. The Oxford English Dictionary was used to give a rough understanding of the term Privacy. The dictionary describes the term Privacy as the following; a state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other people: she returned to the privacy of her own home the state of being free from public attention: a law to restrict newspapers freedom to invade peoples privacy (Oxford Dictionaries, 2005) This meaning relating to the topic of employee monitoring suggest that monitoring employees would be unethical as monitoring a person stops them from being unable to be disturbed or observed. The definition above isnt relevant enough to the topic above and should only be used as a rough guide. As a starting point for the topic of Privacy Schoemans definition will be examined, as it gives a basic understanding of the word. A person has privacy to the extent that others have limited access to information about him, limited access to the intimacies of his life, or limited access to his thoughts or his body. (Schoeman, 1984, p. 3) It suggests that to achieve privacy in the workplace a persons personal information should be contained with only limited access. From the quote it suggests that employees actions at work and outside of it should be only truly known to them. From this quote is it a fair response to suggest that once the employer starts to have access to the employees private information that it could lead to distrust and animosity in the workplace. From analysing this quote it suggests that employee monitoring in the work place is un-ethical, as it would allow others to have access to information about a person. Following Shoemans ideas, allowing employers to monitor employees would stop the employee from being able to control the access of their information. Another definition of privacy is defined below: The condition of not having undocumented personal knowledge about one possessed by others Personal knowledge consists of facts about a person which most individuals in a given society at a given time do not want widely known about themselves. (Miller and Weckert, 2000, p.256) This definition raises issues as it implies that a persons privacy is only relevant to the society that they find themselves in. This could be their home, workplace or on a larger scale, their country. A person should still be entitled to their privacy regardless of the society; human nature dictates that all humans have the capacity to have secrets or hide secrets. From this a person should be able to hide information from others regardless of their society. Relating this back to the initial essay question it implies that the idea of privacy would again make monitoring employees in the workplace unethical. It would allow the employer access to the employees personal knowledge, thus being unethical. This will be explored later when the ideas of privacy are linked to ethical theses. In the following section the aspects relating to employee monitoring will be analysed and discussed. This will be done by examining the following topics; the implications of the topic and the methods employed to monitor. Bassick suggests that in Employee Surveillance: An Ethical Consideration it is new methods of employee monitoring that is causing the ethical issues. Bassick states that the need for employee monitoring is down to three main ideas, these being; to maximize worker productivity, ensure the integrity the organization, and to protect the interests of customers and fellow workers. (Bassick et al. 2007) In relation to the topic of ethics it is quite clear to see why this has been turned into an ethical dilemma. Employers feel that they need to survey their employees as can lead to a more profitable and efficient business. On the other hand this can have negative effects on the employees as they can feel more pressurised, over controlled, restricted and unmotivated. Now the types of surveillance used by employers will be examined and analysed. This will show what causes the main ethical dilemmas, if the key areas of surveillance can be identified then it will be easier to understand what causes them. American Management Association (AMA) in 2007 carried out and published detailed information regarding to the surveillance of employees in the workplace. This information will be used to identify the most used techniques, from this it will identify how the employees are affected. From AMAs finding it suggests that employers main concern is Web surfing, with 66% monitoring the employees web usage. As well as this AMA found that 65% of all participating businesses used software to block inappropriate access to websites. Again this could lead to conflict within the workplace as employees could feel that they have right to access to all websites when they are not on company time, i.e. on a lunch break or after office hours. This could lead to the ethical issue of the freedom of information act as by banning certain sites it reduces the access to publicly know information. (American Management Association 2007) AMA also explored surveillance relating to keyboard activity, the report concluded that 45% of employers track the employees keystrokes. As well as monitoring time at the computer, AMAs findings found out that 43% of the participating businesses stored their employees files and work for further review and analyse.16% of all the participating businesses also record phone conversations. Relating this back to the issue of privacy in the workplace, this is in clear violation of it. By recording employees conversations it removes all privacy with relation to calls, for example, a private call from a family member saying somebody in the family is ill, the employer could quite easily be recoding it thus breaking the employees privacy. Of the 43% of companies that monitor e-mail, 73% of them use software to monitor emails and 40% hire an individual to actual analyse and review all the employee emails. (American Management Association 2007) again this could be seen as a breach of privacy. Whilst in the workplace employees tend to receive emails daily, the majority will be work related, but some wont be. For example, if an employee receives an email about a potential new job, but actually has no intention of applying for it. It could still cause conflict in the workplace as the employer might interpret it as the employee looking for a new job, this could then give the employer the grounds for dismissal. Persson and Hansson in Privacy at Work Ethical Criteria looked at the duties of employers and their responsibility is the prevention of third parties, from having access to employees privacy. Employers can state that access to their employees information is to reduce unauthorized persons from having access to it. (Persson and Hansson 2003, p.60) This would justify the reasons for having to monitor the employees but would still require surveillance in the first place. In the Ownership, Privacy and monitoring in the Workplace, Loch Suggests that many employers have the right to monitor their employees. This is because they are being paid to do a job and not achieving this is unproductive. She goes on to suggest that the owners of the companies also own the office supplies, equipment and technology. This gives them the right to monitor how the resources get used and what they are used for. (Loch et al. 1998) Relating this back to the initial question, it makes perfect sense to agree with what loch says. For example, if a person lends a friend a laptop to help them to do coursework, that person assumes that the friend will use the laptop to do the coursework. This doesnt stop the friend from using the laptop to do other things, such as, go on Facebook, or access illegal content. The person still owns the laptop even though the friend is using it, this means that the person can ask for it back at any time. They could also monitor the friend to make sure that they keep on task and only use the laptop for the coursework. From an ethical point of view the person could be regarded as a good friend because checking up on the friend could be regarded as being a good friend to make sure that they do well. But relating this to the workplace the same scenario can apply, as the employer monitoring the employees to make sure they keep on task could be seen as good bossing. The employers could also cl aim that by monitoring employees it reduces the risk of dismissal as the employees are more focused. Following Lochs teachings it suggests that employers have a right to see what their employees are doing throughout the day. The main reason for this as it normally leads to an increase in performance levels allowing a business to perform more efficiently. Persson and Hansson suggest that many companies track individuals keystrokes, email use, web site hits and their movements throughout the building to measure an individual employees efficiency. (Persson and Hansson 2003) the ethical implications of this are that it can lead to mistrust and conflict within the workplace; this could lead to an unmotivated workforce. Through the analyse of the types of employee monitoring and the implications of this in the workplace, it appears that it can be argued by both. Employers can argue that surveillance is necessary to workplace productive and efficiency, whilst protecting employees from third party access. Whereas employees can argue that it is a breach of privacy and that employers shouldnt be allowed to survey staff as it can have a negative effect on the workplace. To further this argument employee defence must also be considered, this will be carried out by looking at the ethical implications of the topic. In the 2005 American Management Association survey it concluded that there is no official legislation that makes employee surveillance illegal. But the majority of employees regard it as unethical and an invasion of their privacy. (American Management Association 2005) This could be due to the fact that a lot of employees arent aware that they are being surveyed at work, this is then regarded as an ethical dilemma because employees feel that it is their right to know if they are being monitored or not. Firstly, Miller in Privacy, the Workplace and the Internet In addition stated that employees being monitored can suffer from; poor health, stress, and morale problems compared to other employees. Again this raises further ethical implications, is it ethical to monitor employees when it could lead to health implications. This again is a fine line, as some employers will argue that surveillance is a necessity and that the health implications are treatable. Whereas employees will argue that their health is of more importance that the profit of the company, certainly it is an issue, but many companies are happy to overlook a problem to maximise a turnover. Another ethical implication relating to ethics in the workplace relates to employer-employee trust. Trust can be important in a workplace, as employers must trust employees on a daily basis to carry out their job tasks, to meet deadlines and to cooperate with other employees in the workplace. Employees also feel that not only is surveillance a breach of their privacy but an invasion of their personal space. Miller again identifies this; There are other important things in life besides efficiency and profitability. In particular, there is the right to privacy. The existence of the right to privacy, and related rights such as confidentiality and autonomy, is sufficient to undermine extreme views such as the view that employees ought to be under surveillance every minute of the day. (Miller and Weckert, 2000) Employee surveillance is unethical because it takes away many of the rights addressed within this theory. One right stripped away from employees through surveillance is the right to make you own choices. Companies purposely adopt e-mail monitoring, website screening, and GPS tracking technology to eliminate employees rights to choose what they want to do.8 Companies do have a need to protect their organizational interests, but forcing employees to act a certain way through surveillance is not the ethical way to control behavior.7 Instead of cameras and monitoring software, an employer following the rights approach should encourage correct behavior by stating what is expected of the employees and then giving them choice to act in a way they feel is right 8. Employers often tell employees when they are being monitored. What employers often do not tell employees is the extent of the surveillance taking place.2 For example, it is common for a business to state they use e-mail surveillance software but not describe what is appropriate to include in an e-mail, whether or not they are consistently reviewing e-mails, and if they are storing the e-mails for future use. By withholding information, companies are violating the employees right to be told the truth.8 Any employer that purposely omits pertinent information is acting unethically. According to the rights approach, companies must not hide any information from an employee. If employee surveillance must be used, it is only right to let the worker know exactly what the companys policy is on using monitoring technology.8 (Bassick et al. 2007) Another ethical theory which emphasizes the process of moral character development is virtue ethics. Within this framework, morality is not guided by rules or rights but instead by the concept of character.9 Character, which consists of honesty, fairness, compassion and generosity, drives members of an organization to concern themselves with what to be, as opposed to what to do.9 Virtue based ethics seeks to produce excellent persons who both act well and serve as examples to inspire others.9 Actors, those making the ethical decisions, focus on whether rights are deserved as opposed to what the rule book implicitly states.10 Under this theory, privacy can be considered a right that employees deserve. Companies implementing this ethical guidance believe that workers know how to act and display themselves with great character. Therefore, surveillance is unnecessary because employees behaviour and decisions will be consistent with the actions of a good person 10. (Knights 2006) 9 (Everett 2006) 10 Conclusion Technology is an amazing phenomenon. Never before has the human race been so dependent on instruments and gadgets to get through their everyday life. There is no doubt that these advancements have increased the standard of living and made many of our everyday activities far more convenient. With this convenience has come a greater threat of privacy invasion. Simply because a new technology has increased our potential, does not make these new abilities ethical. As citizens of the United States, whether stated by law or a common ethical framework, deserve the right to keep certain things private. There is currently a vague line that distinguishes what is and is not considered private material, information, or knowledge. In order to give all citizens equal rights these definitions must be more clearly stated and understood by all. The ambiguity that currently exists between employer surveillance programs and employee knowledge of such monitoring must be eliminated. More than anything it is important that people know what activity is being watched and what is not. As our abilities increase, our moral and ethical thinking must accompany this growth. We must have a sense of responsibility to maintain two of the greatest natural rights that we posses; privacy and autonomy.

Music of India :: essays research papers

The Music of India Indian music is a very varied type of music which ranges from classical to film, more commonly known as pop. Both types are extremely popular throughout the Indian society in all classes. Music is apparent in Indian culture as a way of expression. The history of Indian music extends back many centuries. Traditionally in that period, there were various kingdoms, in which the power was held equally by the king and the temples. This was the division of music. The temples presented religious music to all that wanted it while the kings patronized the separate artists. Music also formed a major part of the theatre. It was very famous as nearly all of India's people had access to it. There were full scale musicals in the ancient Indian theatres. This tradition has been carried into till the recent days, where Bollywood (the Indian Hollywood) films are very music-friendly. Music is an integral part of the movies that are being made. But many movies are now being targeted at the Western society, movies with less music. This is killing India's musical background. Indian music is a mix of many different types of music. Five hundred years ago, India was ruled Muslims, when it had been influenced by local territories such as the recent Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Classical music is a very prominent feature in most Indian people's lives. It is heard for pleasure. The term "Indian Classical Music" refers to two different, but related, age old, traditions. Both of them are very popular and come from two very different areas in India. The North Indian style is called "Hindustani", which translates to India, and South Indian tradition, also known as "Carnatic". Indian music is different from Western music in two major ways: 1. All of Indian classical music is melody, and 2. Indian music is never written down, and cannot be played off a written score. If it was played off the score, it would lose its authenticity. Over centuries, the artists learn to play or sing by listening to the song. As the artist learns the song and plays it, he adds his own authenticity to the song. In this way, the work of numerous generations has been put together to make a singular song that has been made seamless over the years. This is how Indian music has survived over the years. Hindustani classical music is based upon the 12 note scale.

Devotee Autoethnography ::

Devotee Autoethnography Eyes closed on cherubic faces of holy devotion, chanting Hindu gibberish to wheezing harmoniums, clanging tambourines, untuned guitars, rattles, bells, sticks, and perhaps a vigorous but poorly-rehearsed set of tablas†¦ â€Å"She’s a breather,† they say, either in friendliness to jest, or patronizingly to criticize. And usually, not much evidence is revealed to complicate the minimized label. â€Å"Well, basically, we get together, breathe, and then sing a little bit.† This is usually the line into which I condense my participation in The Art of Living—to cram it into a nut shell, and to present it as outsiders would be likely to perceive it if spying from a fly’s perch. My own introduction to this culture happened slowly, and not too long ago, so I still feel the tension of sliding into an unknown community as an outsider, and still experience hesitation describing the group to others for fear of bad reactions or scathing judgment. I think it has much to do with the big, bad g-word. When people, especially in independence-loving USA, hear the word â€Å"guru,† an oozing blanket of mistrust, disgust, and dismissal creeps up from the nether regions of media consciousness and visions of kool-aid, snake-dancers, and comet-chasers seem to choke the life of any words possibly to follow. The g-word however, when followed—as is inevitable—by the c-word, often shuts out the possibility of following words all together. As my mother would say, â€Å"It smells like a cult to me.† Despite my adamant denials that I could be involved with anything remotely resembling a cult, the first time I realized that I was definitely a part o f this culture had to do with the chilling consideration that a cult was exactly what this was and, somehow.†¦I belonged to it. I had traveled from San Diego with a few members of my Art of Living family (as many grow accustomed to referring one another) to an â€Å"advanced course† in LA. Such a course is offered occasionally to graduates of the â€Å"introductory course†Ã¢â‚¬â€a six-day workshop of yoga postures, yogic breathing, and introspection. We knew not what to expect of this upcoming workshop, other than that it would be â€Å"challenging.† Perhaps our first taste of this manifested on the first evening, when we waded through seventy pairs of shoes piled at the entryway of a private house toward a living room crammed with the shoes’ owners. Devotee Autoethnography :: Devotee Autoethnography Eyes closed on cherubic faces of holy devotion, chanting Hindu gibberish to wheezing harmoniums, clanging tambourines, untuned guitars, rattles, bells, sticks, and perhaps a vigorous but poorly-rehearsed set of tablas†¦ â€Å"She’s a breather,† they say, either in friendliness to jest, or patronizingly to criticize. And usually, not much evidence is revealed to complicate the minimized label. â€Å"Well, basically, we get together, breathe, and then sing a little bit.† This is usually the line into which I condense my participation in The Art of Living—to cram it into a nut shell, and to present it as outsiders would be likely to perceive it if spying from a fly’s perch. My own introduction to this culture happened slowly, and not too long ago, so I still feel the tension of sliding into an unknown community as an outsider, and still experience hesitation describing the group to others for fear of bad reactions or scathing judgment. I think it has much to do with the big, bad g-word. When people, especially in independence-loving USA, hear the word â€Å"guru,† an oozing blanket of mistrust, disgust, and dismissal creeps up from the nether regions of media consciousness and visions of kool-aid, snake-dancers, and comet-chasers seem to choke the life of any words possibly to follow. The g-word however, when followed—as is inevitable—by the c-word, often shuts out the possibility of following words all together. As my mother would say, â€Å"It smells like a cult to me.† Despite my adamant denials that I could be involved with anything remotely resembling a cult, the first time I realized that I was definitely a part o f this culture had to do with the chilling consideration that a cult was exactly what this was and, somehow.†¦I belonged to it. I had traveled from San Diego with a few members of my Art of Living family (as many grow accustomed to referring one another) to an â€Å"advanced course† in LA. Such a course is offered occasionally to graduates of the â€Å"introductory course†Ã¢â‚¬â€a six-day workshop of yoga postures, yogic breathing, and introspection. We knew not what to expect of this upcoming workshop, other than that it would be â€Å"challenging.† Perhaps our first taste of this manifested on the first evening, when we waded through seventy pairs of shoes piled at the entryway of a private house toward a living room crammed with the shoes’ owners.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Thesis: Slaves managed to be the main beneficiaries of a movement so entirely unintended for them because, in a series of coincidences brought about by certain effects of Northern progress and improvement, the promotion of their interests became profitable to to the concerns of other classes. Counter-argument: some might argue that slaves could not have been the primary beneficiaries of the progress and improvement taking place in the North in 19th century america b/c there were very few slaves in the north; they were primarily concentrated in the south which was little affected by these changes and with slaves being so remote from the situation, how could they have benefited from it? --while the south obviously did not experience the level of transformation that the north and midwestern regions underwent, it did not go untouched by this era of change--it apparently made southerners even more sealed in their determination to "preserve their way of life based on slavery,"as evidenced by their attempt to secede from the Union. Merely the fact that they reacted so strongly to the changes they perceived in the North indicates the force of the effect that progress had on them. --the very fact that there were few slaves in the north and so many in the south only contributed to the progress-fueled growing distinction between the North and South, the former of whom could not understand--likely because there were so few slaves in the North--the "semifeudal economic and social system" to which the South was "hopelessly attached" due to their dependence on slavery (p. 5, Sheriff). Point: Wage laborers necessary to the realization of improvements in the 19th century began to be perceived as a morally inferior permanent underclass--this elicited fears & changes in opinion involving progress--some (i.e. Bethel society) began to think that one man's (the businessman's) profit came at another's (the worker's) expense--brought about increasing desire for moral reform--leading to 2nd Great Awakening--which in turn led to popularity of abolitionist sentiment. Point: Decreasing reliance on slavery as a necessity to the maintenance of a stable economy, coupled with the still-strong Revolutionary ideals of liberty & equality, drew attention to injustices inherent in slavery. --slaves were necessary before because men were trying to produce huge quantities to ship over to England, at first to pay back their joint-stock companies and then to secure their stability in the "New World." but in the 19th century people were settled into their ways of life, and farmers did not feel such urgency to overproduce.

Analytical Response Paper #1

Analytical response Paper #1 I have found that both â€Å"Kick Back and Endure Being Bored and Uncomfortable† by Clive Hamilton, and William Deresiewicz’s â€Å"The End of Solitude† can be efficiently summarized with the great social psychologist, Erich Fromm’s quote, â€Å"If I am what I have, then I lose what I have, who then am I? †. Hamilton’s article reflects his view illustrating that he views modern technology as a deterrent for people’s natural ability to not only accept, but to appreciate absolute gratification of solitude.It is this concept of people’s growing disvalue of solitude that both I, and Deresiewic concur with (demonstrated in his essay). I feel that the ability of people’s easy accessibility to social media is nothing more than a barricade to individuality, preventing people from realizing their true self; in doing so they fall victim to what I would like to call â€Å"True loneliness†. This co ncept of â€Å"True loneliness† I characterize by a constant bombardment of social interaction occurring solely through technological means.Deresiewic’s essay is a brilliantly compiled work of literary genius that ensnares the perception of today’s youth being consumed by social networking. He does this with references to the sociological importance of one’s self developed during the romantic movement; then goes on to compare them to the his own theory that the â€Å"self† has lost significance in this day and age due to social networking. Deresiewic refers to a teenager’s cell phone bill stating that the adolescent had sent over 3,000 text messages from his cell phone in the matter of one month; this means that he had sent a text message once every ten minutes.It is this dependence that has forced both myself, and Deresiewic to find our society’s addiction to technology to be utterly repulsive. When the culture we establish demands t hat every teenager must have a cellular phone, and must use texts to keep in contact with friends that live mere minutes away just supports how our dependency on technology has been stretch to an unhealthy level. My point is best solidified by analyzing Deresiewic’s quote â€Å"Not long ago, it was easy to feel lonely. Now, it is impossible to be alone. Not long ago people had the grace of being able to live in a state solitude; now it is near impossible to find even a single moment in their day when they are alone. In Clive Hamilton’s essay entitled â€Å"Kick Back and Endure Being Bored and Uncomfortable† Clive casts light upon the otherwise shadow bound, insidious effects technology has on the average American family. Clive uses examples of children getting their own personal televisions in their rooms or the family car, as a way to identify that parents now lack both the time, and the patience to deal with their children’s boredom.I concur with Clive ’s statement when he says â€Å"They put televisions sets in their bedroom, which surely should be regarded as a form of child abuse†, because I too feel that parents oversaturate their kids with influences of television to the extent that our generation has can consider the TV set one of their parental figures. As Clive Hamilton’s essay progresses he goes on to provide an example of a family sitting down at a diner for a meal but the children are too engrossed in their cellular phones to even communicate with the other members dining with them.While provided this example I am consumed by Hamilton’s tone of sheer disgust as he comments â€Å"why [do] they have children if they have nothing to say to them over dinner. † In conclusion to me reflecting on Hamilton’s essay, I would like to note that I found his essay to have a sense of vigor and passion but lacked the proper literary tools to fully capture my attention. Overall, Hamilton, Deresi ewic, and I share the same conclusions concerning the topic of interacting via technological means, in that it is more of a destructive asset of our culture rather than a positive addition to our society.Too much attention is given to our desire to never be alone with our own thoughts in this day and age. This in turn leads people to have no sense of self unless it is somehow justified through our social interactions. We, as people, have gone from the thought focused on in the romantic era, and best quoted by Clive Hamilton, â€Å"He may have put his neighbors off, but at least he was sure of himself.Those who would find solitude must not be afraid to stand alone†, to the notion that being alone means you suffer from some kind of social, or anxiety disorder; and it is this kind of thinking that fuels our addiction to social networking. Youths do not want to go a single day without updating their statuses on Facebook to alert their peers to exactly what they are doing. Adults provide young children with their first catalyst into technology by being too busy to spend time with their child and introducing them to television from the time they are in diapers.In conclusion, us, humanity, society, and even as individuals, have lost what it truly means to be just that, an individual, and I fear that if something is not done to relinquish the control electronics have on our daily lives we will end up as socially neurotic, constantly anxious, sociopaths that constantly hide behind a brightly light screen to voice their thoughts instead of using our ability to look at someone in the eyes and carry on a conversation.

Covering Ignorance

In The New polished Rights, Kenji Yoshino proposed that lurch is needed in our online gracious rights. In recent handling of polite rights, ace issue has been jam c aren that minorities ar covering or toning down a disfavored identity to fit into the mainstream (Yoshino 479). On the one hand, around argues that covering is a critical part for a fluid kindly interaction and peaceful coexistence. From this perspective, we fag make that the Yoshinos impudent civil rights that should be based to unmarried rights quite an than groups substructure have a drastic turn in how our society functions (Yoshino 481).On the other hand, Yoshino argues that a new civil rights is needed for harnessing individual authenticity rather than to assimilate in group identities. In Steve Olsons seek he said that Hawaii is a melting pot of racial cultures where races are almost indistinguishable be motility of the history of intermarriage just still these people chose to associate them selves differently than others (Olson 251). According to this view nevertheless with the lost of distinction between racial groups in Hawaii they still sort out themselves to different groups to distinguish from the other groups.By aspect at Yoshinos paradigm of new civil rights, we can see that piece of music its goal of liberty is commendable, it is dependent on individuals that provide give action which is impractical. We can in sum, then, the issue is finding an potent way to help all citizens usage their civil rights or will it be just a lost acquire beca map we will remain ignorant of the issue. In Marc Maurers Creating Disability Rights Maurer said they themselves the disabled are the primary agents of change (Maurer 6).Maurer cute to change the view of the judicial motor lodge about how the disabled are world discriminated and not being protected by the civil rights, but again wish well Yoshinos idea, Maurer needs the people to see the issue and act upon it whic h can curtilage people to ignore it. I myself didnt really give too a good deal thought about these matters because I escape knowledge in these issues about civil rights. I suppose there is some degree of demand necessary in order to provoke or embolden a brotherly change but because todays society is want water in that it everlastingly seems to take the path of least resistance.If there is all obstruction it will simply go around. Most people dont want their lives interrupted by press issues like gay or civil rights. They are viewed as obstructions. To maintain social flow, insistence for change by the seek groups will be largely cut and the norm of society will use assimilation as its justification vehicle, resulting in covering. In order to change, we must be willing to see the dark office of assimilation, and specifically covering, which is the most widespread image of assimilation required of us today. (Yoshino 480) This didactics elaborates on the idea that chang e will occur when society is educated enough to realize the identity assassination that occurs with assimilation, and as well be willing to realize it rather than ignore. Education, as it has in the past, will be the best way for social change to occur. Urging change will always encounter resistance, where education will cause improvement. In this way the modern nurture can play a exacting role in advancing this manifold society of ours toward a future in which all kinds of people are twain valued and respected.

U.S.-China Trade

The reemergence of mainland china as a ample power is arguably the single to the highest degree important jumpment in the post-Cold War mankind. The quick frugalal gain of the Peoples Republic of mainland mainland mainland china (PRC) everyplace the historic decade, coupled with its high take of justification spending, fetch stimulated much interest as well as trepidation among policy- bearrs and analysts across the innovation. Although the act augmentation of Chinese power is non predetermined, the profound do of mainland chinas maturement process dissolvenot be underestimated.When analyzing a evinces change expectations one moldiness(prenominal) as well take into account statement the effects of diplomacy and bargaining, as Copeland suggests. A state can make about frugal, policy-making and forces concessions to induce its handicraft partners to relax great deal restrictions, and so raising its expectations for hereafter foxiness. If the expense for a high level of trade is seen to be reasonable, the state would be comporting to pay it, notwith tie-uping if the price is unaccepted because it would undermine the states internal stability or its international power position, there would be very minor that the state could do to improve its trade expectations.If Chinese decision-makers expectations for future trade argon high, they provideing be less likely to use force to contest with unresolved disputes with neighboring countries. If, however, they have a detrimental view of their future commerce environment, they exit be likely to take measures, including military actions, to remove some(prenominal)(prenominal) obstacles that might forest alone the pursuit of great-power status (Segal, 70). For the moment, mainland chinawares expectations of future trade be by and large upbeat, but there is evidence of growing Chinese question of a Western conspiracy to contain mainland chinaware which may alter Beijin gs future perceptions.To ensure that the rise of China will not cause regional and globular instability, the removed human should seek to integrate China into the international community by pursuing policies that will have a positive influence on Chinas expected value of trade. Since the late 1970s China has gradually emerged as a major trading nation in the world, and its economic and trade relations with roughly countries have broadened considerably. Indeed, China has been actively tough in global economic activities, and is fully compound into the Asia-Pacific economy.The PRC is now a member of approximately major international and regional economic organizations, including the introduction Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asiatic Development Bank, and APEC. (Segal, 70) From 1980 to 1997 the Chinese government approved 162 contradictory financial institutions to develop concern in China. (Segal, 70) Over 200 of the worlds conduce 500 companies have now inve sted in the verdant. (Segal, 70) As a result, there has been a huge product in Chinas overseas trade over the past 2 decades. From 1978 to 1997 Chinas merchandise grew from US$9. 8 million to US$182. 7 one million million million, and its imports grew from US$10.9 billion to US$142. 4 billion. Between 1983 and 1997 actual immaterial bear coronation in China increased from US$916 million to US$45. 3 billion(Segal, 70) In 1997, harmonise to the World Trade Organization, China became one of the wind 10 trading countries in the world. (Segal, 70) China has too put oned from its involvement in a regional segment of labor and economic cooperation in eastern unite States Asia. It is co-ordinated into a number of sub-regional economic groupings or growth triangles such as the Hong Kong-Guangdong-Shenzhen triangle and the Northeast China-Korea-Japan triangle.In addition, China is closely involved in the increment of two new sub-regional groupings the Yellow Sea Economic regularize that includes Liaoning and Shandong provinces, Japan and South Korea and the Tumen River project that seeks to promote economic cooperation amid China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia and Russia. (Rachman, 129) No doubt, Chinas integration into the world economy has brought virtually much benefit to the coun get word, but it has also increased Chinese picture in a world of growing interdependence. Indeed, contradictory direct investment has become the single most important source of contrasted capital for the PRC.(Rachman, 132)It is estimated that foreign investment may now account for one-quarter of all Chinese exports. (Rachman, 132)In 1996 the total value of foreign-funded firms import and export trade reached US$137. 1 billion history for 47% of the national total of foreign trade. (Rachman, 136)According to a Beijing Review report, 18 million people, about 10% of Chinas non-farming population, ar employed by foreign-funded firms. The investment by t hese firms covers a whole range of beas that are vital to Chinese economic modernization, including infrastructure, zippo, communication and for state of warfared-looking projects.(Rachman, 143)The Chinese government has also relied heavily on foreign investment to develop the central and westbound regions of China that are muted very poor. In 1996, for example, a total amount of USS 1. 34 billion of foreign government loans was utilized for 69 projects in these underdeveloped regions. In addition, 125 key projects in the PRC are supported by foreign government loans that include the bend of metropolitan hush-hush railways, power plants, airports, telephone networks, and other large-scale organic evolution plans. (Rachman, 171)In the past decade China has increased its foreign borrowings substantially. Its total external debt is believed to have risen from US$24,000 million in 1987 to US$116,280 million in 1996. (Rachman, 183)Besides, m either of Chinas reform projects, su ch as effort restructuring, infrastructure improvement, financial reform, poverty reduction, mankind information and environmental protection, are currently supported by the World Bank. (Lieberthal, 36) Of all the major sectors of the Chinese economy, energy is probably the most critical one in terms of sustaining the PRCs modernization program.In this sector the role of foreign capital is becoming more significant. For example, a correlative venture has been established at the Pingshao coal mine, and the construction of a power station in Guangxi Zhuang is financed all in all by foreign investment. In the areas of petroleum and immanent gas, a greater effort has also been make to attract foreign capital. By 1997, China had sign(a) 126 contracts with 65 foreign oil companies. (Lieberthal, 36) Moreover, the progress of Chinese reform is dependent on the availability of advanced foreign technology and equipment.The contract value of Chinese technology imports amounted to US$159. 23 million in 1997. Indeed, imported technologies play an important part in major Chinese industries ranging from energy, electronics, computer software to telecommunications, cultivation and other high-tech industries. (Lieberthal, 36) Clearly, Chinese leadership are aware that the success of Chinas economic modernization rests last with its access to the global market and with inflows of external funding.If, for political or trade protection reasons, the world were to reduce the level of economic interactions with or apply trade sanctions against China, it would have a devastating effect on Chinese economic development. For the moment, Chinas expectations of future trade with both its Asian neighbors and Western nations are by and large positive. In a speech to an academic symposium in Beijing, subgenus Chen Jian, a senior official of the Chinese Ministry of orthogonal Affairs, said that the international situation has moved at a speed faster than expected in a direction fav orable to China .The current reform and opening up policies and the economic development in China are based on the judgement that world peaceableness can be maintained and a new world war will not erupt for the near future. (Yahuda, 22) Similarly, Wu Yi, pastor of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, has noted We are immersed in the irreversible general trend toward ecumenic economic integration economic cooperation with various countries makes it easier than any time in the past to reach a common view, and can be carded out in a wider area and at a higher(prenominal) starting point.This in turn portends that possibility for winning cooperation is much greater in the future. (Yahuda, 22) This type of optimistic assessment of the future trading environment is echoed by many Chinese leaders, officials and scholars. (Yahuda, 56) Despite the recent financial turmoil in East and South East Asia, they believe that the economic dynamism in the Asia-Pacific will continue into the tw enty-first century and that China will benefit from further economic growth and cooperation in the region.For example, citing the view of a Chicago professor and Nobel poke winner, a Chinese commentator maintains that the prospects of most cursorily growing economic entities of East Asia are still bright. Even if the economy of these countries stops growing in the coming five years, it is argued, their average speed of economic increase in the next 25 years will surpass that of the world. (Yahuda, 101) In any case, Chinese leaders know that the potential market and business opportunities that the PRC can offer to the removed world are so attractive that no acres would like to miss them.(Yahuda, 193) It is therefore unlikely that any countries would want to sever trade relations with China in the near future. To raise its expectations for future trade China has been and will be willing to make economic and political concessions when negotiating contracts and trade agreements wi th its trading partners. Thus, the outside world will have some leverage to steer China in a indisputable direction, and it should take the opportunity to encourage further economic reform, openness and trade promiscuousization in the country.As liberals right argue, economic liberalization will gradually lead to greater political liberalization and democratization in China that will, in turn, help preserve peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the international community must be patient with the pace of change in China and more sensitive to Chinese security perceptions. This is not to say that the outside world should reconcile to any Chinese demands or policies.On the contrary, it should be inclined(p) to raise its concern over particular Chinese policies, debate with China on issues of fundamental disagreement, and stand firm on matters of principle. For example, the outside world must not ignore human rights issues in China for the sake of short-term comm ercial benefits. Western countries should try to persuade the Chinese government to improve its human rights record through dialogue and diplomatic carry rather than by economic coercion.They must bang that the process of democratization in China will be a lengthy and thorny one, inclined the lack of democratic tradition in Chinese history. An evolutionary path toward democracy is preferable to a violent change of regime in China that will be likely to produce an fluent and ineffective government which would be incapable of use the crises and upheavals associated with rapid political transformation in such a vast country. A chaotic China could not possibly pursue a keen and coherent policy toward other countries.In this regard, the warning of some liberal scholars of the linkages between democratic transition and war should be heeded. Whether the reemergence of China as a great power in the post-Cold War international trunk is caused by structural factors (as the realist argu es) or by unit-level decisions (as the liberal suggests), the challenge that China presents to the rest of world is formidable. The shell way of abating the likelihood of military conflict between the great powers, as Copeland suggests, is to alter leaders perceptions of the future trading environment in which they operate.(Harris, 151) Chinas current expectations of future trade are, on the whole, positive, but there are growing suspicions among Chinese leaders and intellectuals of external forces seeking to contain China. such(prenominal) a fear could magnify at a time when nationalistic sentiment is rising in Chinese society (Harris, 151) that might lead to low expectations of future trade. To ensure that Chinas rise will not cause regional and global instability, the outside world should pursue policies that would enhance Chinese decision-makers confidence in their future trading environment.This will not be a simple task due to Chinas unlettered distrust of other great powers as a result of its unpleasant encounters with Japan and Western powers in the nineteenth century. Given the complexity of Chinese domesticated politics and enormous ideological and institutional constraints, China may not always respond to external efforts positively, (Harris, 151) but if Chinas trading partners hope to integrate the country into the international community peacefully, they must do what they can to raise PRC leaders expectations for future trade.In the case of China, it has do some economic and political concessions to induce the outside world to trade with and invest in China. On most issues, Chinese leaders find the price of higher trade level reasonable and are willing to make compromise. The concept of one country, two systems, for example, was basically formulated to assure the Western world that Chinas priority was economic development. In order to hold up the confidence of foreign investors in Hong Kong, Chinese leaders have promised that the territorys c apitalist system will abide unchanged for at least 50 years from 1997.(Harris, 151) Chinas decision to shelve temporarily the issue of reign in the South China Sea also reflects its desire to maintain harmonious relations with the United States of America that are propitious for Chinas trading environment. kit and caboodle Cited Gerald Segal, Tying China into the international system, Survival 37(2), (Summer 2004), p. 70. Gideon Rachman, Containing China, The uppercase Quarterly 19(1), (Winter 1995), p. 132. Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations The Struggle for Power and Peace, revise 5th edition (New York Alfred A.Knopf, 1978), p. 29. Kenneth Lieberthal, A new China strategy, Foreign Affairs 74(6), (November/December 1995), p. 36. Michael Yahuda, How much has China learned about interdependence? , in David S. G. Goodman and Gerald Segal, eds. , China Rising Nationalism and Interdependence (London Routledge, 1997), p. 22. Stay back, China, The Economist, (16 certify 1996), p. 15. Stuart Harris, Chinas role in the WTO and APEC, in Goodman and Segal, eds. , China Rising, p. 151.